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O acesso à saúde e às políticas públicas em áreas remotas é um desafio relevante aos sistemas públicos no Brasil, dada sua dimensão e diversidade territorial. Este artigo tem como proposta apresentar o modelo teórico-lógico elaborado para avaliar o acesso da população ribeirinha à rede de urgência e emergência (RUE) em cenário amazônico, com vistas a fortalecer o planejamento, o monitoramento e a avaliação em saúde voltados para populações específicas. O ponto de partida metodológico foi a revisão temática sobre o acesso à saúde e o contexto amazônico na sua inter-relação com a proposta da pesquisa, que foi problematizada em encontros com colaboradores. Em seguida, buscou-se compreender e analisar os componentes teórico e lógico do modelo e adaptá-los à tríade donabediana estrutura, processo e resultado. O resultado configurou a construção do modelo propriamente dito, com centralidade nas características que representam a oferta dos serviços (sócio-organizacional) e que retratam principalmente o espaço (geográfico). Esses pontos de construção do modelo demonstram sua contribuição para subsidiar outros processos avaliativos e o impacto final na tomada de decisão para qualificar o acesso da população ribeirinha à saúde em momento de sofrimento agudo, auxiliando na superação das condições que segregam essas populações.
Access to health and public policies in remote areas is a major challenge for public systems in Brazil, given its dimension and territorial diversity. This article presents a theoretical-logical model designed to assess the ribeirinho population's access to the urgency and emergency network in the Amazon as to strengthen health planning, monitoring, and evaluation aimed at specific populations. Starting from a thematic review on access to health and the Amazon in its interrelation with the research proposal, which were problematized in meetings with collaborators, the research sought to understand and analyze the model's theoretical and logical components and adapt them to the Donabedian triad (structure, process and result). This resulted in the model itself, centered on service provision (socio-organizational) and the space (geographic). These points demonstrate its contribution to support other evaluation processes and the final impact on decision-making to qualify this population's access to health under acute suffering, helping to overcome current restrictive conditions.
El acceso a la salud y a las políticas públicas en áreas remotas es un desafío relevante para el sistema público en Brasil dada su dimensión y diversidad territorial. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un modelo teórico-lógico desarrollado para validar el acceso de la población ribereña a la red de urgencia y emergencia en el escenario amazónico, para fortalecer la planificación, la vigilancia y la evaluación de los resultados de salud de poblaciones específicas. El punto de partida metodológico fue la revisión temática sobre el acceso a la salud en el contexto amazónico, en especial su interrelación con la propuesta de investigación, que fue problematizada en reuniones con colaboradores. Después, se buscó comprender y analizar los componentes teórico y lógico del modelo y adaptarlos a la tríada donabediana estructura, proceso y resultado. El resultado configuró la construcción del modelo propiamente dicho, con foco en las características que representan la prestación de los servicios (social-organizacional) y que retratan principalmente el espacio (geográfico). Estos puntos de construcción del modelo destacan su contribución para subsidiar otros procesos evaluativos y el impacto final en la toma de decisiones para calificar el acceso de la población ribereña a la salud en un momento de sufrimiento agudo, ayudando a superar las condiciones que segregan a estas poblaciones.
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Objective: Describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 deaths within a hospital in the Amazon region in a period of 64 days, which corresponds to the growth curve of the COVID-19 first-wave pandemic in 2020. Methods: The data were obtained from medical records of 152 deaths registered for adults and elderly hospitalized. The data were also compared with the number of deaths in previous years during the same period studied to assess the impact of the pandemic on this hospital. The study also assesses the impact of intra-hospital transfers, accounting for the number of times patients who died performed transfers between sectors of the hospital. Results: During the period analyzed, there was an increase in deaths compared to the previous years. The majority of dead patients were male, aged between 34 and 96 years. The deaths were associated comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease. The SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 91 cases. Among them, 15 individuals were admitted without conditions related to SARS-CoV-2 infection; they had a three-fold higher number of hospital transfers than those admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms. Sixteen patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed respiratory symptoms just after hospitalization. The diagnostic exam for SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed on average 4 (± 6) days after the onset of symptoms and 6 (± 6) days after admission, and the average time from the onset of respiratory symptoms to death was 4 (± 6) days. Conclusions: These data suggest the high presence of hospital infection by SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon region, which may be related to the number of sectorial transfers, delay in confirming the diagnosis, and lack of management. We report a serious public health problem, as it demonstrates the fragility of healthcare institutions in the hospital environmen (AU).
Objetivo: Descrever a epidemiologia de mortes por COVID-19 em um hospital na região da Amazônia em um período de 64 dias, que corresponde à curva de crescimento da primeira onda da pandemia de COVID-19 em 2020. Métodos: Os dados foram obtidos de 152 óbitos registrados em prontuários de adultos e idosos hospitalizados. Os dados foram também comparados com o número de óbitos em anos anteriores, no mesmo período estudado, de forma a avaliar o impacto da pandemia neste hospital. O estudo também avalia o impacto das transferências intra-hospitalares, contabilizando o número de vezes que os pacientes que faleceram realizaram transferências entre setores do hospital. Resultados: No período analisado, houve aumento de óbitos em relação aos anos anteriores. A maioria dos pacientes mortos era do sexo masculino, com idade entre 34 e 96 anos. Os óbitos foram associados a comorbidades como hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e doença renal. A infecção por SARS-CoV-2 foi confirmada em 91 casos. Entre eles, 15 indivíduos foram internados sem condições relacionadas à infecção por SARS-CoV-2; eles tiveram um número três vezes maior de transferências hospitalares do que aqueles admitidos com sintomas de infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Dezesseis pacientes com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 desenvolveram sintomas respiratórios logo após a hospitalização. O exame diagnóstico para infecção por SARS-CoV-2 foi realizado em média 4 (± 6) dias após o início dos sintomas e 6 (± 6) dias após a admissão, e o tempo médio do início dos sintomas respiratórios até o óbito foi de 4 ( ± 6) dias. Conclusões: Esses dados sugerem alta presença de infecção hospitalar por SARS-CoV-2 na região amazônica brasileira, o que pode estar relacionado ao número de transferências setoriais, demora na confirmação do diagnóstico e falta de manejo. Relatamos um grave problema de saúde pública, pois demonstra a fragilidade das instituições de saúde no ambiente hospitalar (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross Infection , Amazonian Ecosystem , COVID-19/epidemiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Respiratory Syndromes Surveillance System was created by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2000 to monitor influenza in this country. With the emergence of the new coronavirus pandemic, it became incorporated into the surveillance network for influenza and other respiratory viruses. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the state of Acre through its hierarchical urban network. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, descriptive and ecological study, using a spatiotemporal approach and using secondary data. This study was conducted in the state of Acre, northern Brazil. METHODS: This study used secondary data, and epidemiological weeks and municipalities were taken to be the units of analysis. Incidence rates and kernel intensities were calculated for four study periods. Spatiotemporal analysis was performed using scan statistics to identify clusters of SARS cases and considering the population of each municipality. RESULTS: In general, it could be observed that there were higher kernel rates and intensities in municipalities located in the north and south of this state (i.e. its most populous municipalities). CONCLUSION: Priority areas for interventions to control transmission of COVID-19 were highlighted, with the aim of reducing the risks of transmission to more distant areas in the urban hierarchy of the state of Acre.
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Resumo A partir de contribuições teóricas do campo da história das ciências, o presente texto debate aspectos das etapas das pandemias entendidas como fenômeno social e como tem ocorrido o processo de interiorização da covid-19 na Amazônia. A chegada da doença aos vastos territórios da floresta tem deixado mais evidente o processo de acesso diferenciado à saúde pública, com concentração de serviços e profissionais nas maiores cidades da região Norte. O crescimento dos índices do coronavírus na floresta evidencia, portanto, as desigualdades sociais históricas da região e os problemas no acesso à cidadania na sociedade brasileira.
Abstract This text uses theoretical contributions from the history of science to discuss aspects of the stages of pandemics understood as social phenomena and how covid-19 moved into the interior of the Amazon region. The arrival of this disease in the vast forest territory made differentiated access to public health more evident, with services and professionals concentrated in the larger cities in the north of Brazil. The rise in coronavirus rates within the forest consequently highlights the history of social inequalities in the region and problems accessing citizenship in Brazilian society.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Forests , Pandemics/history , Pandemics/prevention & control , COVID-19/epidemiology , Health Services Accessibility , Poverty , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Indians, South American , Public Health/history , Cities , Influenza, Human/etiology , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/transmissionABSTRACT
A síndrome de fragilidade é uma condição clínica em que se observa um aumento no estado de vulnerabilidade do indivíduo envolvendo diversos fatores de ordem biopsicossociais. O objetivo foi investigar o desempenho cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e fragilidade entre idosos ribeirinhos amazônicos, bem como a associação entre essas variáveis. Trata-se de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal de abordagem quantitativa realizado no município de Cametá, Pará, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 108 idosos, a coleta de dados foi por meio do fenótipo de fragilidade postulado por Fried et al. (2001) modificado, Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG-15). Constatou-se que a maioria dos ribeirinhos foram classificados como idosos não frágeis, além disso, o comprometimento cognitivo e a presença de sintomas depressivos consolidaram-se como fatores associados à condição de fragilidade (p = 0.0468 e p = 0.0032). Por fim, destaca-se a importância da gestão da fragilidade em idosos de comunidades tradicionais brasileiras (AU).
The frailty syndrome is a clinical condition in which the individual´s state of vulnerability is increased, involving several biopsychosocial factors. The aim was to investigate the study cognitive performance, depressive symptoms and frailty among elderly riverside Amazonians, as well as the association between these variables. This is an observational cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out in the city of Cametá, Pará, Brazil. 108 elderly people participated in the study. Data collection was performed using the frailty phenotype postulated by Fried et al. (2001) modified, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). It was found that most riverside dwellers were classified as non-frail elderly, in addition, cognitive impairment and the presence of depressive symptoms were consolidated as factors associated with the frail condition (p = 0.0468 and p = 0.0032). Finally, the importance of management failty in the elderly in traditional Brazilian communities is highlighted (AU).
El síndrome de fragilidad es una condición clínica en la que se incrementa el estado de vulnerabilidad del individuo, involucrando varios factores biopsicosociales. El objetivo fue investigar el estudio del rendimiento cognitivo, los síntomas depresivos y la fragilidad en comunidades ancianas ribereñas de la Amazonía, así como la asociación entre estas variables. Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal con enfoque cuantitativo realizado en la ciudad de Cametá, Pará, Brasil. 108 personas mayores participaron en el estudio. La recolección de datos se realizó utilizando el fenotipo de fragilidad postulado por Fried et al. (2001) modificado, Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE) y Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (GDS-15). Se encontró que la mayoría de los ribereños fueron clasificados como ancianos no frágiles, además, el deterioro cognitivo y la presencia de síntomas depresivos se consolidaron como factores asociados a la condición frágil (p = 0.0468 yp = 0.0032). Finalmente, se destaca la importancia de manejar em los ancianos en las comunidades brasileñas tradicionales (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Amazonian Ecosystem , Depression , Efficiency , Frailty , Residence CharacteristicsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: High prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and occurrence of drug-resistant strains have been recorded in northern Brazil. Abandonment of treatment and insufficient and inadequate adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have been recorded in the metropolitan area of Belém, the capital of the state of Pará. OBJECTIVES: To identify the sociodemographic profile and level of adherence to ART among women seen at a referral unit in the interior of Pará, northern Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at a referral unit for care for PLWHA. METHODS: We included 86 women living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) in the Rio Caeté integrated region, northeastern Pará. Social, demographic and behavioral information, as well as the ART level, were obtained using forms that have been described in the scientific literature. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of variables with ART. RESULTS: Most WLWHA were single (52.4%), young (47.7%) and heterosexual (97.7%), had low levels of education (63.0%), were unemployed (69.8%), had one sexual partner (75.7%), used condoms (46.7%) and were not using either licit drugs (68.7%) or illicit drugs (89.6%). Their adherence level was classified as insufficient , and only their viral load showed an association with ART. CONCLUSIONS: The participants' low level of education and poor socioeconomic conditions may have been interfering with their adherence to ART. Such influences can be minimized through multiprofessional interventions that take the individuality of women served by the healthcare service into consideration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Medication Adherence , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Viral LoadABSTRACT
Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the hematological variables (erythrogram, thrombogram, leukogram and plasma metabolites) of three cichlid species: Cichla monoculus, Cichla temensis and Cichla vazzoleri. A total of 45 specimens were captured in Balbina lake, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil, with the aid of a rod and reel or hand line, with natural or artificial bait: 15 C. monoculus, 15 C. temensis and 15 C. vazzoleri. Their blood was removed by means of caudal puncture of the dorsal aorta, and hematological data were determined in accordance with methodology previously described in the literature. The erythrogram showed similarities between the species, while the thrombogram showed differences between C. vazzoleri and the other species studied (C. monoculus and C. temensis). The total leukocyte counts for C. temensis and C. vazzoleri were higher than those of C. monoculus. The predominant leukocyte in C. temensis and C. vazzoleri was lymphocytes, whereas it was monocytes in C. monoculus. The plasma metabolites showed differences between the three cichlid species, regarding their glucose, cholesterol, urea and potassium levels. It is concluded that these three species present hematological differentiation, thus indicating that they have differentiated blood-cell immune responses and plasma metabolite physiology.
Resumo O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e comparar as variáveis hematológicas (eritrograma, trombograma, leucograma e metabólitos plasmáticos) de três espécies de tucunarés Cichla monoculus, Cichla temensis e Cichla vazzoleri. Um total de 45 animais foi capturado no lago de Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, com auxílio de vara e carretilha, linha de mão com isca natural e artificial, sendo 15 C. monoculos, 15 C. temensis e 15 C. vazzoleri. O sangue foi retirado por punção caudal da aorta dorsal e os dados hematológicos foram determinados de acordo com metodologia previamente descrita na literatura. No eritrograma foram observadas similaridades entre as espécies, o trombograma demonstrou diferenças entre o C. vazzoleri e as demais espécies estudadas (C. monoculus e C. temensis), a contagem total de leucócitos demonstrou que em C. temensis e C. vazzoleri os valores são superiores ao C. monoculus. Foi demonstrado que os linfócitos foram às células predominantes em C. temensis e C. vazzoleri, diferentemente do C. monoculos que apresentou como leucócito predominante os monócitos. Nos metabólitos plasmáticos, foi possível observar diferenças entre as três espécies de tucunarés nos níveis de glicose, colesterol, uréia e potássio. Conclui-se que as três espécies de tucunarés apresentam diferenciação hematológica, indicando que as mesmas possuem respostas diferenciadas, na resposta imunológica de suas células do sangue e na fisiologia dos metabólitos plasmáticos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Lakes , Cichlids , BrazilABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: We investigated the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) infection in patients with hematological diseases from the western Amazon region of Brazil. METHODS: Samples from 306 patients were submitted for the molecular diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection by real time PCR (qPCR), with amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) region. RESULTS: A 29-year-old male carrier of sickle cell anemia with a history of multiple blood transfusions was diagnosed with the HTLV-2c subtype. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the first known occurrence of HTLV-2c in the urban area of Brazil's western Amazon region.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Adult , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Infections/diagnosis , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Brazil/epidemiology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/geneticsABSTRACT
Abstract In the last decades the oyster faming stands out as the main mitigating measure to the decline of the fishery, as it presents socio-economic and environmental viability. However, for the success of the activity, it is necessary to understand the stages of cultivation, as well as the growth performance of the species to be cultivated. The present work aims to characterize the growth and survival of Crassostrea tulipa, cultivated on the Amazon coast. For this purpose, oysters were grouped by commercial size class (seed, juvenile, baby, average and masters) and compared the growth rates and their relationships with the abiotic variables. There was no difference in the average growth between the oyster classes, however, when comparing them in the total and percentage growth rates, a higher performance was observed in the oysters classified by juvenile and seed, respectively. The relationship of salinity to oyster growth was evidenced only in the class of juvenile oysters. The cultivation time required to obtain native oysters in the commercial size varied between four and seven months, being inferior to those found in other Brazilian regions.
Subject(s)
Ostreidae , Aquaculture/methods , Amazonian Ecosystem , CrassostreaABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Notifications concerning American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) are increasing in the northern areas of Brazil, particularly due to the ongoing increase in human settlements inside the Amazon Forest. Notwithstanding the economical and sanitary importance of the ATL, the ecological aspects of its potential vectors, the Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), remains largely neglected. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the phlebotomine fauna as well as the detection of Leishmania DNA in these insects in the rural settlement Perimetral Norte, in the state of Amapá, eastern region of the Amazon, endemic region for tegumentary leishmaniasis. Sand flies were collected bimonthly from February 2018 to February 2019, using CDC light traps exposed for three consecutive nights in 10 houses of settlement residents. DNA extraction and multiplex PCR were performed to detect trypanosomatids. A total of 3,946 sandflies belonging to 37 species were collected. The most abundant species were Ty. trichopyga (Floch & Abonnenc, 1945) (21.9%) and Mi. rorotaensis (Floch & Abonnenc, 1944) (16.9%). A total of 36 positive pools were found with Leishmania DNA (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), representing 17.9% of the total pools tested (201), those with the highest Minimum infection rates were Mg. migonei (França, 1920) and Lu. gomezi (Nitzulescu, 1931), Leishmania DNA was also detected in Bi. flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942), Ny. umbratilis (Ward & Fraiha, 1977), Ny. anduzei (Roseboom, 1942) and Ny. antunesi (Coutinho, 1939). These data confirm the probable participation of these four species in the tegumentary leishmaniasis cycle in the eastern Amazon.
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Abstract Chagas disease (CD), with approximately 10,000 deaths annually, has become a worldwide health problem. Approximately 35% of cases may show cardiac manifestations such as arrhythmias and/or conduction disorders, heart failure, thromboembolic accidents, and sudden death. The Amazon region has long been considered a non-endemic area for CD; however, in the last decades, with an increase in the number of acute and chronic cases, disease evolution has received greater attention. Here, we report the successful implementation of a cardioverter-defibrillator for the prevention of sudden death in a patient with autochthonous Chagas cardiomyopathy in the Brazilian Amazon.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Defibrillators, Implantable , Brazil , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , ElectrocardiographyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: In the state of Rondônia, deforestation, and inadequate soil use and management have intensified the water erosion process, causing degradation of agricultural land. Modeling is a tool that can assist in the adoption of targeted and effective measures for soil and water conservation in the region. In this context, the objective of the research was to model soil losses due to water erosion in the state of Rondônia using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The parameters related to rain erosivity, relief, erodibility, and soil cover, as well as the conservation practices of the state of Rondônia, were considered. The modeling steps were performed with the aid of the Geographic Information System. Results were validated with data of total sediments transported with water discharge. The estimated total soil loss was about 605 million tons per year, corresponding to an average loss of 22.50 Mg ha-1 year-1. In 19% of the state, the erosion rate was higher than the soil loss tolerance(T), and these areas should be prioritized for adopting measures to mitigate the erosion process. The RUSLE underestimated the generation of sediments at 0.56 Mg ha-1 year-1, which corresponds to an error of 18.60%. Results obtained can assist in the development of different soil use and management scenarios and provide options for policymakers to encourage soil conservation in the state of Rondônia.
RESUMO: No Estado de Rondônia, o desmatamento, o uso e o manejo inadequado dos solos têm intensificado o processo de erosão hídrica, gerando a degradação de terras agrícolas. Nesse cenário, a modelagem é uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar na adoção de medidas direcionadas e eficazes de conservação do solo e da água na região. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi modelar as perdas de solo por erosão hídrica no Estado de Rondônia utilizando a Equação Universal de Perda de Solo Revisada (RUSLE). Foram considerados os parâmetros referentes a erosividade da chuva, relevo, erodibilidade e cobertura do solo e as práticas conservacionistas do Estado de Rondônia. As etapas da modelagem foram realizadas com auxílio de Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Os resultados foram validados com dados de coleta de sedimentos totais transportados com a descarga d'água. A perda de solo total estimada foi cerca de 605 milhões de toneladas ao ano, correspondente a uma perda média de 22,50 Mg ha-1 ano-1. Em 19% do Estado a taxa erosiva foi superior aos limites de tolerância de perda de solo (TPS), sendo que essas áreas devem ser priorizadas para adoção de medidas de mitigação do processo erosivo. A RUSLE subestimou a geração de sedimentos em 0,56 Mg ha-1 ano-1, o que corresponde a um erro de 18,60%. Os resultados obtidos podem contribuir para elaborar distintos cenários de manejo e uso do solo e fornecer alternativas aos formuladores de políticas agrícolas e ambientais, com o intuito de incentivo a conservação do solo no Estado de Rondônia.
ABSTRACT
Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) was studied in crossbred dairy cows grazing in Rondon do Pará, in the state of Pará, as well as in Açailândia and Cidelândia, in the state of Maranhão, Brazilian Amazon biome. The digits inspection from the dairy cows during milking was performed in ten farms comprising four visits (August and November 2016; April and July 2017). The cows were kept all year in pastures, and were mechanically milked on concrete floors and the animals were protected against the rains in eight farms, maintaining a daily cleaning, however, it could not be found a concrete floor in pre- or post-milking to ensure milking parlor on three farms. Manual milking on no concrete floors was performed in two farms. No preventive measures against hoof lesions were adopted. The BDD prevalence was 1.3% (22/1664), and no statistical difference among rainy or no rainy season was obtained (p = 0.72). The BDD lesions were classified according to "M system" (M0 = no lesion, M1 = active ulceration <2cm, M2 = active ulceration >2cm, M3 = healing stage, M4 = chronic stage, M4.1 = M4 with active ulceration). Regarding the 22 BDD lesions observed, 22.7% (5/22) were M1 stage, 36.4% (8/22) M2, 22.7% (5/22) M3, 13.6% (3/22) M4 and 4.5 (1/22) M4.1. Hypertrophic hairs at the edges of the lesions caused by fly larvae of genus Cochliomyia spp. as well as alterations on the hoof were also observed. Topical treatment was performed in six BDD lesions with a raw extract from trees of the genus Copaifera reticulata (Copaiba oil) and compared with the treatment of salicylic acid paste in five BDD lesions. The lesions were protected with a bandage for seven days and followed weekly until recovery. The complete therapeutic responses were 83.4% (5/6) and 75% (3/4), respectively, with an average time of seven weeks. The BDD in the Amazon biome occurs in low prevalence, not seasonal, and presents macro and microscopic features similar to BDD lesions from dairy cattle kept in free-stall housing. The treatment with copaiba oil showed similar results to the treatment of salicylic acid paste and can be used in control measures to BDD in the Amazon biome.(AU)
A dermatite digital bovina (DDB) foi estudada em vacas mestiças leiteiras nos municípios de Rondon do Pará no Pará, Açailândia e Cidelândia no Maranhão, bioma amazônico brasileiro. Para tanto, foram realizadas quatro visitas a 10 propriedades, nos meses de agosto e novembro em 2016 e abril e julho em 2017, e realizada a inspeção dos dígitos de 1.664 vacas em lactação durante a ordenha. Nestas propriedades as vacas eram criadas a pasto durante todo o ano e ordenhadas mecanicamente em oito propriedades. As quais, as salas de ordenha tinham piso concretado, com proteção contra as chuvas e era realizada a limpeza diariamente. No entanto, em três dessas propriedades, as salas de pré ou pós ordenha tinham piso não concretado e em duas, a ordenha era manual em piso de chão batido. Em todas elas não havia medidas profiláticas para afecções podais. A prevalência de DDB foi de 1,3% (22/1.664) e não se obteve diferença estatística entre os períodos chuvoso e não chuvoso (P = 0,72). As lesões observadas foram classificadas de acordo com o sistema M (M0-sem lesão; M1-lesão ulcerada <2cm; M2-lesão ulcerada >2cm; M3-lesão em cicatrização; M4-lesão crônica; M4.1- M4 com área ulcerada). De 22 lesões observadas, 22,7% (5/22) apresentavam-se em estágio M1, 36,4% (8/22) em M2, 22,7% (5/22) em M3, 13,6% (3/22) em M4 e 4,5% (1/22) em M4.1. Pelos hipertrofiados nos bordos das lesões, larvas de moscas do gênero Cochliomyia spp. e alterações no tecido córneo também foram observados. Nas lesões de 11 bovinos, em seis, foi realizado o tratamento tópico com extrato bruto de Copaifera reticulata (óleo de copaíba) e em cinco, com a pasta de ácido salicílico a 660mg/g e ambos os tratamentos foram protegidos com bandagem por sete dias. Após, as lesões foram acompanhadas semanalmente até a cura e obteve-se um índice de 83,4% (5/6) e 75% (3/4) de cura com esses tratamentos, respectivamente, com uma média de 7 semanas. Conclui-se que no bioma amazônico a DDB ocorre em baixa prevalência, não sazonal e com características macroscópicas semelhantes às lesões de vacas leiteiras criadas em sistema free stall. O tratamento com o óleo da copaíba apresentou resultados semelhante ao ácido salicílico e pode ser uma alternativa como medida de controle da DDB no bioma amazônico.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Digital Dermatitis/therapy , Fabaceae , Pasture , Salicylic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Introduction: the Zika Virus is a virus transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which is of great medical importance because it causes numerous public health issues. Objective: describe the scenario of the number of probable cases of the Zika virus in the state of Rondônia from January 2016 to October 20, 2018, demonstrating the relationship between the evolutions of cases during the analyzed period with a climatic factor during the period (rainfall index). Methodology: the data collected for statistical analysis were acquired through epidemiological bulletins published by the Secretariat of Health Surveillance and by the Ministry of Health. The pluviometric data used in the study were acquired from the Meteorological Station of the Ouro Preto Experimental Station ESTEX/OP (Comissão Executiva do Plano de Lavoura Cacaueira CEPLAC/RO), located in the central region of the state of Rondônia. Results: the data showed a total of 1,107 probable cases of acute disease caused by the Zika virus in the period from January 2016 to October 20, 2018 in the state of Rondônia, with 89% of this total being recorded only in 2016, showing a relationship with the high rainfall rate that occurred in the same year in the state. Conclusion: after analysis, it is concluded that, there was a considerable number of probable cases of Zika Virus in the state of Rondônia, in addition, the data showed that during the analyzed period, there was a relationship between the evolution of new cases with the rainfall index in the region. Preventive measures must be adopted in order to minimize the number of new cases. The population's awareness of the mosquito's reproduction and development can be an alternative to be adopted by the public health sectors of the state.
Introdução: o Zika Vírus é um vírus transmitido pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti, que possui grande importância médica por causar inúmeros problemas de saúde pública. Objetivo: descrever o cenário do número de casos prováveis do vírus Zika no estado de Rondônia no período de janeiro de 2016 a 20 de outubro de 2018, demonstrando a relação entre a evolução dos casos durante o período analisado com um fator climático durante o período (índice pluviométrico). Metodologia: os dados coletados para análises estatísticas foram adquiridos através de boletins epidemiológicos publicados pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ministério da Saúde. Os dados pluviométricos utilizados no estudo foram adquiridos junto à estação meteorológica da Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira CEPLAC, localizado na região central do estado de Rondônia. Resultados: os dados demonstraram um total de 1.107 casos prováveis da doença aguda causada pelo Vírus Zika no período de janeiro de 2016 a 20 de outubro de 2018 no Estado de Rondônia, sendo 89% desse total registrado somente no ano de 2016, demostrando relação com o elevado índice pluviométrico ocorrido nesse mesmo ano no estado. Conclusão: após análise, conclui-se que, houve um número considerável de casos prováveis de Zika Vírus no estado de Rondônia, além disso, os dados mostraram que durante o período analisado, houve uma relação entre a evolução de novos casos com o índice pluviométrico na região. Medidas preventivas devem ser adotadas com o objetivo de minimizar o número de novos casos. A conscientização da população sobre a reprodução e desenvolvimento do mosquito pode ser uma alternativa a ser adotada pelos setores de saúde pública do estado.
Subject(s)
Animals , Tropical Medicine , Public Health , Amazonian Ecosystem , Aedes , Zika Virus , DatabaseABSTRACT
Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo primario reflexionar sobre cómo la bioética puede dar luces para un desarrollo forestal más comprometido con la vida en general. El estudio se focaliza en el Perú; sin embargo, se toma en cuenta información bibliográfica especializada de otros países con bosques tropicales. Se concluye que, aunque hay importantes avances científicos en el conocimiento sobre los bosques tropicales y expectantes experiencias certificadas de manejo forestal, no existe suficiente certeza científica que garantice su sustentabilidad ecológica. Lo anterior es producto tanto de la propia complejidad ecológica de los bosques tropicales, como de la complejidad sociocultural del sector forestal; lo que demanda aproximaciones que complementen los enfoques disciplinarios con perspectivas interdisciplinarias y transdisciplinarias. La realidad de los bosques es multidimensional, interdimensional, multiescalar y multitemporal; esta condición no logra ser captada por los planes de manejo forestal que descansan en el paradigma de una ciencia racional y empírica. A pesar de que hay valiosas medidas orientadas a la conservación de la biodiversidad forestal y previsiones para luchar contra la tala ilegal, el comercio y tráfico ilegal de la fauna silvestre, estas medidas para reducir la ilegalidad aún no son suficientes. A la fecha no existe una orientación específica sobre el respeto a la vida en el bosque en todas sus manifestaciones; además, los intentos que buscan la conservación de las especies de flora y fauna son desarticulados.
Abstract: The main objective of this article is to reflect on how bioethics can shed light on forest development that is more committed to life in general. The study focuses on Peru; however, specialized bibliographic information from other countries with tropical forests is considered. It is concluded that, although there are important scientific advances in knowledge about tropical forests and expectant certified experiences in forest management, there is not enough scientific certainty to guarantee their ecological sustainability. This is a product of both the ecological complexity of tropical forests and the socio-cultural complexity of the forest sector; which demands approaches that complement disciplinary approaches with interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspectives. The reality of forests is multidimensional, interdimensional, multiscale and multitemporal; this condition cannot be grasped by forest management plans that lie on the paradigm of a rational and empirical science. Although there are valuable measures aimed at conserving forest biodiversity and provisions to combat illegal logging, illegal trade and trafficking of wildlife, these measures to reduce illegality are still not enough. To the date there is no specific guidance on respect to forest life in all its manifestations, and in addition to that, attempts seeking to conserve the species of flora and fauna are disarticulated.
Resumo: O objetivo principal deste estudo é refletir sobre como a bioética pode guiar um desenvolvimento florestal mais comprometido com a vida em geral. O estudo está focado no Peru; contudo, é considerada informação bibliográfica especializada de outros países com florestas tropicais. Conclui-se que, embora haja importantes avanços científicos no conhecimento sobre as florestas tropicais e esperadas experiências certificadas de gestão florestal, não existe suficiente certeza científica que garanta sua sustentabilidade ecológica. Isso é produto tanto da própria complexidade ecológica das florestas tropicais quanto da complexidade sociocultural do setor florestal, o que demanda aproximações que complementem as abordagens disciplinares com perspectivas inter e transdisciplinares. A realidade das florestas é multi e interdimensional, multiescalar e multitemporal. Essa condição não consegue ser captada pelos planejamentos de gestão florestal que se baseiam no paradigma de uma ciência racional e empírica. Apesar de haver valiosas medidas orientadas à conservação da biodiversidade florestal e previsões para lutar contra o desflorestamento ilegal, o comércio e o tráfico ilegal da fauna silvestre, as medidas para reduzir a ilegalidade ainda não são suficientes. Até o momento não existe uma orientação específica sobre o respeito à vida na floresta em todas as suas manifestações; além disso, as tentativas da conservação das espécies de flora e fauna são desarticuladas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Forests , Forestry , Amazonian Ecosystem , Biodiversity , EthicsABSTRACT
A new coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] is currently causing a life-threatening pandemic. In this study, we report the complete genome sequencing and genetic characterisation of a SARS-CoV-2 detected in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and the protocol we designed to generate high-quality SARS-CoV-2 full genome data. The isolate was obtained from an asymptomatic carrier returning from Madrid, Spain. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed a total of nine mutations in comparison with the original human case in Wuhan, China, and support this case as belonging to the recently proposed lineage A.2. Phylogeographic analysis further confirmed the likely European origin of this case. To our knowledge, this is the first SARS-CoV-2 genome obtained from the North Brazilian Region. We believe that the information generated in this study may contribute to the ongoing efforts toward the SARS-CoV-2 emergence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Phylogeny , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Betacoronavirus/genetics , Spain , Brazil , Genome, Viral , Genomics , Asymptomatic Infections , Phylogeography , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , MutationABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: We describe anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinin in yellow-spotted river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis)in the Amazon region. Ninety-eight serum samples from individuals housed at the Bosque Rodrigues Alves Zoobotanical Garden of Amazonia, Belém, PA, Brazil, were subject to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using 19 different Leptospira spp. antigen serogroups. Thirty-four of the 98 samples (35%) were reactive, with titers ranging from 100 to 3200, and eight 8 reactive samples (23.5%) co-agglutinated under two or more serovars.The most common serogroup was Hebdomadis (26.9%, 7/26), followed by Semaranga (23%, 6/26), Shermani (19.2%, 5/26), Djasiman (11.5%, 3/26), and Australis (7.7%, 2/26); Bataviae, Javanica, and Sejroewere represented by a single sample each (3.9%). The presence of turtles reactive to anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies implies exposure to the pathogen.
RESUMO: Este trabalho descreve a detecção de aglutininas anti-Leptospira spp. em tracajás (Podocnemis unifilis) na região Amazônica. Obtivemos 98 amostras de soro, as quais foram submetidas ao teste de aglutinação microscópica (MAT), utilizando 31 antígenos de diferentes sorogrupos de Leptospira spp. Das 98 amostras de soro coletadas, 35% (34/98) reagiram apresentando titulações de 100 a 3200; 23,53% dessas amostras (8/34) coaglutinaram na presença de dois ou mais sorovares. O sorogrupo mais comum foi Hebdomadis com 26,9% (7/26), seguido de Semaranga com 23% (6/26), Shermani com 19,2% (5/26), Djasiman com 11,5% (3/26), e Australis com 7,7% (2/26). Bataviae, Javanica, e Sejroe foram representados com apenas uma amostra (3,9%). A presença de tracajás reagentes a anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. implica na exposição ao patógeno.
ABSTRACT
Blepharicnema splendens is a dipteran with occurrence restricted to the Neotropical Andean mountain forests from 1,400 to 2,500 masl. We surveyed the species using Van Someren-Rydon traps with decaying fish as bait in four sites (veredas) in the Eastern Cordillera, in the Municipality of Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. A total of 221 individuals were collected in the four localities. The Vereda Las Brisas had the highest abundance, with 104 specimens (45.4%), followed by El Vergel, 76 (33.2%), Tarqui, 46 (20.1%) and Los Lirios, 2 (0.9%). The record of this species in the mountainous ecosystems of the Department of Caquetá expands the known distribution of B. splendens and adds to the incipient knowledge on the diversity of Diptera in this region. (AU)
Subject(s)
Amazonian Ecosystem , Andean Ecosystem , Biodiversity , DipteraABSTRACT
O presente artigo objetiva apresentar e discutir o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (PPGPSI-UFAM) em sua proposta formativa e perspectivas para a região amazônica diante do cenário da pós-graduação nacional. Apresentamos também suas origens e características atuais, o perfil esperado e pesquisa com egressos dos 10 anos de PPGPSI, as parcerias nacionais e internacionais, as principais produções de 2017-2018 e a inserção social. Revelamos a dificuldade de elevar as produções científicas e realizar preenchimento adequado do Portal Sucupira. E indicamos alguns desafios a serem superados: isolamento e desconhecimento da Amazônia pelo restante do país, falta de incentivos financeiros para a região norte, desconsideração das especificidades amazônicas para financiamentos, adoção de novas epistemologias conforme olhar regional, fortalecimento do PPGPSI por parcerias nacionais e internacionais.
This article aims to present and discuss the Program the Postgraduate Program in Psychology of the Federal University of Amazonas (PPGPSI-UFAM) in its formative proposal and perspectives for the Amazon region facing the national postgraduate scenario. We also present its origins and current characteristics, the expected profile and research with graduates of the 10 years of PPGPSI, the national and international partnerships, the main productions of 2017-2018 and the social insertion. We reveal the difficulty of raising the scientific productions and realizing adequate fulfillment of the Sucupira Portal. And we indicate some challenges to be overcome: isolation and ignorance of the Amazon for the rest of the country, lack of financial incentives for the Northern region, disregard of the Amazon specificities for financing, adoption of new epistemologies according to regional perspective, strengthening of PPGPSI by national and international partnerships.
El presente artículo tiene por objeto presentar y discutir el Programa. el Programa de Postgrado en Psicología de la Universidad Federal del Amazonas (PPGPSI-UFAM) en su propuesta formativa y perspectivas para la región amazónica ante el escenario nacional del postgrado. Presentamos también sus orígenes y características actuales, el perfil esperado e investigación con egresados de los 10 años de PPGPSI, las alianzas nacionales e internacionales, las principales producciones de 2017-2018 y la inserción social. Revelamos la dificultad de elevar las producciones científicas y realizar el llenado adecuado del Portal Sucupira. E indicamos algunos retos para superación: el aislamiento y desconocimiento de Amazonia por el resto del país, la falta de incentivos económicos para la región norte, la desconsideración de las especificidades amazónicas para financiamientos, la adopción de nuevas epistemologías conforme mirada regional, el fortalecimiento del PPGPSI por alianzas nacionales e internacionales.
Subject(s)
Psychology , Research , Education, Graduate , BrazilABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Listeriosis is a disease that affects several animal species, including humans, and has three different forms of presentation: encephalic, reproductive, or septicemic. The nervous form is caused mainly by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. In Brazil, this disease has already been described in sheep, goats, and cattle. There are no reports of the disease in buffaloes in Brazil and worldwide. The objective of this study was to describe an outbreak of listeric meningoencephalitis in buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil. The outbreak occurred in a property located in the municipality of Bujaru, in the eastern Amazon, from May to July 2016. In a herd of 47 buffaloes, three animals (Cases 1, 2 and 3), aged <40 days, presented a neurological condition with locomotion difficulty characterized by paralysis of the four limbs, hypoesthesia, lateral recumbency, and death. Morbidity was 6.38% and lethality was 100%. At necropsy, no significant macroscopic lesions were found. Samples of the central nervous system were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and routinely processed for histopathological analysis. The main microscopic changes observed were unilateral microabscesses in the brainstem composed predominantly of mononuclear cells, with fewer polymorphonuclear cells, and perivascular cuffs composed mostly of mononuclear cells and few neutrophils. Samples of Cases 1 and 2 revealed Gram-positive bacteria in the areas of necrosis by the Gram's stain technique. Samples of Case 1 were positive in immunohistochemistry for L. monocytogenes. Diagnosis of the nervous form of listeriosis was based on epidemiological data, clinical profile, and immunostaining for Listeria monocytogenes. Results showed that listeriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in buffaloes with nervous signs.
RESUMO: A listeriose é uma doença que afeta várias espécies animais, incluindo o homem, e possui três formas diferentes de apresentação: nervosa, abortiva ou septicêmica. A forma nervosa é causada principalmente pela bactéria Listeria monocytogenes. No Brasil a doença já foi descrita em bovinos, ovinos e caprinos, mas não foram encontrados relatos desta doença em búfalos no Brasil e no mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever um surto de listeriose nervosa em búfalos no estado do Pará, Brasil. O surto ocorreu de maio a julho de 2016, em uma propriedade localizada no município de Bujaru, na Amazônia Oriental. Três bubalinos de um total de 47 animais (Casos 1, 2 e 3), menores de 40 dias, apresentaram um quadro clínico neurológico caracterizado por dificuldade de locomoção, paralisia dos quatro membros, diminuição da sensibilidade cutânea, decúbito lateral e morte. A morbidade foi de 6,38% e a letalidade de 100%. Na necropsia não foram encontradas lesões macroscópicas significativas. Amostras do sistema nervoso central foram coletadas e fixadas em formalina tamponada a 10% e processadas rotineiramente para análise histopatológica. As principais alterações microscópicas observadas foram microabscessos unilaterais no tronco encefálico, compostos predominantemente por células mononucleares, com menor número de polimorfonucleares, e manguitos perivasculares compostos predominantemente por células mononucleares e poucos neutrófilos. Amostras dos Casos 1 e 2 revelaram bactérias Gram positivas nas áreas de necrose na técnica de Gram. Amostras do Caso 1 resultaram positivas na imuno-histoquímica para L. monocytogenes. O diagnóstico da forma nervosa da listeriose foi baseado nos dados epidemiológicos, no quadro clínico patológico e na imunomarcação para Listeria monocytogenes. Os resultados demostram que a listeriose deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial em bubalinos com sinais nervosos.